@
man boob
What kind of question is this? There are many countries in Europe and many of them colonized many places that are not Africa.
From the top of my head: Spain colonized in lands in south America(Peru for ex.), France was also there(Suriname & French Guyana). The Dutch colonized many places around the pacific(New Zealand(Named after Zeeland) for ex.) they also went to a few places around the Atlantic(ST. Maarten, Aruba) and yes they colonized in Africa, towards the south mostly(Afrikaans(the language) comes from dutch). The french also colonized a lot in Africa but now I dont remember where(they where in a few places). Belgium colonized most of the Congo(My grandfather had lands there), Portugal colonized in Brazil(the share the language, Portuguese). England colonized in India and a bit in the middle east(Not sure tough). I dont know anything about Germany to be honest but I think they expanded a bit
As to why colonize?: Because these people where looking to expand their empire and establish trade with the natives.
How?: It really depends on the county, Spain for example came to Peru where the Incas had an empire and they tricked the leaders, killed them and took over and established a Viceroyalty.
NOTE: This is just from times between ~1200 till ~today(St. Maarten still part of the dutch empire)? If you want earlier stuff(Vikings for ex.) let me know.
Some stuff to look at:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Inca_Empire
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_India
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_colonial_empire
Hope it helps!